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Recently, numerous researches of overbased calcium sulfurized alkylphenates focused on their total base number (TBN) were reported. And it's well known that a increase of TBN(typically, greater than 300 mg KOH/g) was effective to reduce their cost. However, calcium sulfurized alkylphenates having a TBN greater than 300 have several problems on their unsatisfied performance, such as thermal stability. COSMO PETROTECH Co., COSMO RESEARCH INSTITUTE, and COSMO OIL Co. have developed a calcium sulfurized alkylphenate “PAD-450” having the TBN greater than 400mgKOH/g. “PAD-450” has similar performance with conventional calcium sulfurized alkylphenates (TBN =250mgKOH/g) on usual laboratory tests and a marine engine test. The innovational performance of PAD-450 is based on our specific procedure to increase TBN.

A new graphic-type FIP® (Fluorescent Indicator Panel) combines conventional FIP elements with a poly-Si thin-film transistor (TFT) active matrix (AM). The matrix is capable of incorporating memory function in each picture element to drive the phosphor in static mode. A prototype device with 24 x 24 picture elements in a 12 x 12 mm size shows brightness levels exceeding 200 fL (600 cd/m2) at a 25-volt driving voltage. Its characteristics are stable after the sealing process at 450°C for about 30 minutes. With continuing improvement, this device will be available as a terminal display in an automotive navigation system.