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According to [1], nowadays the industry has been receiving an increasingly demand for efficient thermal machines. Particularly in the automotive field, the market is requiring strong reductions in emissions together with fuel consumption. It is important to be aware that the reduction both in emission and fuel consumption represents a challenging task, since it is one of the most complex trade-off of a diesel engine from the engineering standpoint. The present paper describes a comprehensive methodology to reduce the fuel consumption without jeopardizing engine emissions, particularly NOx, and analyze the after treatment durability aspects including urea crystallization hazard and catalyst efficiency. The engineering procedure proposed here comprises the analysis of customer representative route, analysis of customer steady-state chassis dynamometer test and the required emission cycles (European steady-state and transient cycles, ESC and ETC).

A great part of the projects in the powertrain area is focused on the development of more efficient thermal applications. In the end, efficiency is pursued, since the aim is to achieve a sustainable design with low fuel consumption. Thus, vehicles which present lower fuel consumption are demanded by customers. Additionally the emission standards have been reducing the limits of CO₂ emissions to very low levels, which drive engineers to develop vehicles with lower fuel consumption. In summary, the product should now please a more demanding worldwide customer profile as the global economy grows. Vehicle design processes should consider fuel consumption sensitivity taking into account the combined engine and drive train systems at early stages. Frequently the actual fuel consumption can only be confirmed when the first prototype is assembled in order to validate the adopted solutions.