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Two-stroke spark-ignition engines with fuel injection constitute a good alternative to four-stroke engines in meeting the demand for ever lighter-weight and higher-performance vehicle engines; they are also suitable for industrial applications if their inherent advantages of design simplicity, low cost and high specific power are maintained. In both cases, for these machines to constitute a successful alternative, emission levels must be equal to or lower than those of comparable four-stroke engines. Several studies are currently dealing with the so-called ‘new generation two-stroke engines’. In nearly all these, charge control by means of fuel injection has been proposed to overcome the well-known problems of fuel and lube-oil consumption, and the probably unacceptable level of pollutant emissions. Direct injection, in particular, seems to guarantee the best results as it allows to avoid the short-circuiting of the fuel to the exhaust.