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A static equilibrium model uses a computer graphics oriented joint analysis approach. The model simulates a system of rigid flanges, a one-component gasket, and linear-elastic bolts to evaluate conditions of assembly and internal pressurization. A non-linear mathematical model of typical gasket materials is presented. Compressive loading and subsequent recovery are effectively characterized. The joint model is developed using commercial parametric modeling software on a personal computer.

A design and analysis procedure for thermoplastic automotive bumpers is being presented. The procedure is built around a general purpose finite element program. The design procedure uses a simplified dynamic model of the bumper system and a detailed non-linear static model of the thermoplastic bumper beam. Design improvements determined by the procedure for center-center hits are evaluated on a pendulum test stand.