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A product life cycle inventory (LCI) is done by modelling the reality in a flow diagram or map of processes. The map contains simple tree-structures and eventually networks with sophisticated recycling loops. The unit processes are scaled to 1 unit of a selected input or output for better understanding. The map determines the demand of intermediate products of the various unit processes in the whole system. When performing the balance of the map, the unit processes are scaled in such a way that the map complies with the rules and conventions of mapping, e.g. the delivered product quantity of one process should be equal to the amount received by the other process. The final map balance is the vector sum of all scaled unit processes.

The investigation of pumping efficiencies of classic FIE lead to the development of an hydraulic unit injector (HUI). In the HUI the pump plunger is not directly driven by a camshaft but by a distributor-type fuel-injection pump (VE-pump) which simultaneously operates the control. The HUI was designed with a computer model. The differential piston increases the pressure by the multiplier 4. The VE-pump produces only 30 MPa for an injection pressure of 100 MPa. The high pressure chamber is filled through a small check valve. Cavitation in the pipe is eliminated by a specially designed delivery valve and a preloaded spring for the differential piston. A reduced needle shaft (3 mm diameter) leads to a very fast opening and closing of the nozzle, thus allowing to set the opening pressure to 40 MPa. The HUI's were driven on the pump test bench up to the engine speed of 5000 rpm and reached a peak injection pressure of 120 MPa.