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The physical characteristics of lubricating oils can affect the mechanical efficiency of internal combustion engines and as a consequence the quantity of fuel consumed at constant power output; moreover they can influence the quantity of lubricating oil drawn through pistons and valves towards the combustion chamber. Exhaust emissions can be influenced both by fuel and oil consumption, so the physical characteristics of the oil can indirectly affect them. The purpose of this experimental work is to study the effect of the physical characteristics of lubricating oils on emissions, fuel economy and oil consumption in a light duty diesel engine. The study was carried out on a VM Turbotronic diesel engine characterized by low exhaust emission levels (1996 European limits for passenger car achieved without catalyst) and high specific power (37 kW/litre).