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USE of residual fuels in medium- and highspeed diesel engines is discussed here. The objective is to improve overall economy of operation by using less costly residual fuels to get satisfactory performance. Problems resulting from use of these residual fuels are discussed in light of economic effect on short-term performance of 4-stroke and 2-stroke diesel engines. Two types of 2-fuel systems, the diesel fuel selector system and the diesel fuel blender system, have been developed for utilizing residual fuels in medium-speed engines.

DEVELOPMENT and service properties of a new compounded diesel-engine lubricating oil are described in this paper. Properties of the oil brought out by the author include anti-ring-sticking value; prevention of lacquer formation; reduction of carbonaceous deposits; that it is non-corrosive to all types of bearing metals; and that it reduces piston-ring and cylinder wear at both high and low temperatures. Although recommended specifically for diesel engines, the oil also is suggested for gasoline engines particularly where engine deposits are troublesome.

THE purpose of this paper is to call attention to the need for fundamental wear investigations and to show that wear does not correlate with oiliness. A testing machine suitable for measuring both friction and wear is described. The machine, which is a modification of one previously reported by the author, uses two sets of frictional surfaces - one in the form of a track having two concentric rails and the other consisting of three small buttons with recessed centers and flat tracks on the outer edges. An important feature of the machine is that the rubbing surfaces are maintained automatically at an almost uniform degree of surface smoothness by the lapping action produced by the combined rotating and sliding motion of the buttons.