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This paper describes an investigation that seeks to understand how rollovers occur in real-world crashes, both by studying real world crashes and by analyzing vehicle handling tests to gain insights into potential mechanisms of pre-crash loss of control. In particular, this study focuses on one type of rollover, namely single-vehicle rollovers that follow a pattern of the vehicle first leaving the roadway and then returning to the roadway typically out-of-control. Aims of this study included the following: To describe the frequency and characteristics of single-vehicle rollovers involving an off-roadway excursion followed by a complete, if only temporary return to the roadway. To the extent possible, given available data, to assess the nature and consequences of driver inputs during the crash sequence. To define characteristics of crash scenarios which include a substantial proportion of this subset of single-vehicle rollovers.

Successful development of a product requires the consideration and balancing of many design parameters. Proposals to modify designs that have been fully implemented and put into production are often made by people who were not involved in the original design process. Such proposals, commonly focusing on a specific aspect of the product, must be evaluated in the context of the overall product and its intended use by consumers; a design change may improve performance in one area but compromise performance in another, or even introduce new problem areas. As a case in point, several proposals have been made for operator protection systems with the claim that they would reduce the frequency and severity of injuries associated with All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) operation. For example, Johnson, Carpenter, Wright & Nelson (1991) considered selected accident modes and proposed a set of design changes involving a rollover protection system (ROPS) and significant vehicle modifications.