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Downsizing, down speeding and hybridization are becoming a standard in the automotive industry. This paper was initiated to answer Automobili Lamborghini R&D's question: what does downsizing mean In technical literature downsizing is often referred to as reducing displacement and, sometimes, cylinders. Through a methodological approach, analysis and experimental activities Automobili Lamborghini, with FEV's support, shows that downsizing in terms of engine friction reduction means only reduction of displacement. Using the Aventador V12 6.5 liter engine as a baseline, two 4.3 liter engines were designed, a V8 and a V12. The engine friction losses of these two engines were calculated all over the engine speed range and during the NEDC cycle utilizing a simulation tool and verified through FEV's “Strip-Method” database. This approach gives us the holistic understanding on engine components design and which technologies should be introduced for the next Lamborghini engine generation.

The further optimization of modern gasoline engines needs sophisticated development tools to meet future emission legislation and fuel consumption targets. The multi-dimensional optimization process has to take into account parameters like Cylinder head and port flow design Valve train variabilities (e.g. camphasers, variable valve lift systems) In-cylinder charge motion and interaction with mixture preparation Resulting combustion characteristics Naturally aspirated and boosted operating conditions The paper presents an advanced development process, where a dedicated interaction between Gas dynamics and CFD simulation, Optical analysis tools (3D-PIV) and Engine test bench is used. Simulation approaches are typically used during the first concept and following design phase. Due to the complexity of simulation models and the need for a detailed validation, advanced optical analysis tools need to be integrated in the development process.

Fuel consumption of a modern combustion engine is significantly influenced by the mechanical friction losses. Particularly in typical city driving, the reduction of the engine friction losses offers a remarkable potential in emission and fuel consumption reduction. The analysis of the engine friction distribution of modern engines shows that the piston group has a high share at total engine friction. This offers a high potential to optimize piston group friction. The paper presents results of recent research and development work in the field of the tribological system piston/piston ring/cylinder bore.