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A test was performed to investigate heat transfer and thermal conductivity from the intake valve centerline to the coolant passage. The study utilized 8 thermocouples in series in a live engine from warm-up to steady state over a complex load history, using various material choices.

By the proper selection of material pairs, low wear rates can be obtained with unfaced valves and powder metal seat inserts in both intake and exhaust positions. These material pairs were identified by engine tests performed in a 317 KW heavy duty diesel engine. The one piece valve eliminates two major manufacturing operations (two piece stem and hardfacing) with the additional benefit of decreased machining and the inherent increase in reliability due to the simplified design. The near net shape low alloy powder metal seat inserts have an improved machinability over the cast materials.