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Technical Paper

Water injection enabling high efficiency flex fuel engines development

2022-02-04
2021-36-0082
It has been largely announced that automotive industry is going through a disruption moment regarding applied powertrain technologies due to the efforts to decrease CO2 and pollutant gases emission, mainly through related legislations of different countries and regions. European and Asian future legislations are going to demand some electrification introduction, whether hybrid or fully electric, but even different technologies such as fuel cells and synthetic fuels over the next few years. In Brazil, with the upswing of biofuels use, considering a well to wheel CO2 emission calculation, the usage of hydrated ethanol or ethanol mixed up with gasoline in different proportions is a great solution for a continuous and progressive automotive fleet decarbonization, in parallel or associated with electrification, in a favorable pace for the market conditions.
Technical Paper

Heating Ethanol, the 3rd Generation

2017-11-07
2017-36-0247
The first generation of heated cold start systems for flex fuel vehicles in Brazil were launched in 2009 and have solved most of the issues around the former gasoline sub-tank concept. This new technological approach focused on concerns like the user experience by having the need to fulfill the sub-tank, on complains related to possible old gasoline left inside, in the complexity of the electro mechanic nozzles and other possible improvements. Some years later, the second generation expanded the initial cold start application to a mature drivability enhancement and further possibility of usage as a support for emission reduction. A leaner electronic control and heat sink concept also represented an alternative to the first generation, and an engineered plastic fuel rail replaced the first metallic concept, which was an option to the initial concerns about the combination of high temperatures and fuel.
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