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This paper investigates the performance, emission and combustion of a four cylinder common-rail turbocharged diesel engine using jatropha curcas biodiesel blends (JCB). The test was performed with various ratios of jatropha curcas methyl ester (JCME) in the blends (JCB10, JCB20, JCB30, and JCB50). An artificial neural networks (ANN) model based on standard back-propagation algorithm was used to predict combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of the engine using MATLAB. To acquire data for training and testing of the proposed ANN, the different engine speeds (1500-3500 rpm) was selected as the input parameter, whereas combustion, performance and emissions were chosen as the output parameters for ANN modeling of a common-rail turbocharged diesel engine. The performance, emissions and combustion of the ANN were validated by comparing the prediction dataset with the experimental results.