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The formation of ice on aircraft is a highly dynamic process during which ice will expand and contract upon freezing and undergoing changes in temperature. Finite element analysis (FEA) simulations were performed investigating the stress/strain response of an idealized ice sample bonded to an acrylic substrate subjected to a uniform temperature change. The FEA predictions were used to guide the placement of strain gages on custom-built acrylic and aluminum specimens. Tee rosettes were placed in two configurations adjacent to thermocouple sensors. The specimens were then placed in icing conditions such that ice was grown on top of the specimen. It was hypothesized that the ice would expand on freezing and contract as the temperature of the interface returned to the equilibrium conditions.

The objective of this project is to modify an existing snowmobile to reduce emissions and noise while maintaining or improving performance. Existing technologies and commercially available products from various engineering fields have been combined to create a finished product that suits the objectives. Intake, engine, exhaust and body modifications have been made, such as high flow filters, ceramic coatings, turbocharger, catalytic after-treatment, cowl design, and implementation of an engine management system. The finished product is an easily manufactured snowmobile that meets these objectives and can be used in National Parks and other environmentally sensitive areas.

The objective of this project was to modify an existing snowmobile to reduce emissions and noise, while maintaining or improving performance. Existing technologies and commercially available products from various engineering fields have been combined to create a finished product that suits these objectives. A single-cylinder SI engine, intake, exhaust, as well as snowmobile body modifications were made, including high flow filters, ceramic coatings, catalytic after-treatment, cowl design, and implementation of an engine management system. The finished product is an easily manufactured snowmobile that meets these objectives and can be used in National parks and other environmentally sensitive areas.