Search Results

Biologists are aware that sexual dimorphism can result from size differences, shape differences, and differences in the relationship between the two (allometry), but the digital human modeling community has not fully incorporated this knowledge into their design procedures. Using landmark-based geometric morpho-metric methods and data from the CAESAR survey, we demonstrate that sexual dimorphism between adult males and females is the result of size, shape, and allometry differences between the sexes. Human sexual dimorphism is therefore far more complicated than is represented by standard design procedures, implying that using extreme percentile humans in design confounds male and female allometric differences, and will likely not accommodate all individuals.

This paper details the application of three-dimensional image warping techniques to full body scan data. Borrowed from the toolbox of geometric morphometries—methods commonly used to quantify the size and shape of anatomical objects in biological research— image unwarping transforms a given image such that relevant landmark positions of the starting image coincide with their positions in the consensus or target configuration. This study demonstrates the process of transforming static scan data to any posture, position, or homology for which landmark data is available, enabling detailed human models to be re-postured and examined in design environments widely varied from the one in which they were scanned.