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In order to accurately control the ignition and fuelling of a gasoline engine, in the presence of environmental and system variability, it is necessary to measure the effect this variability has on the combustion process and then to initiate control action dependent upon this effect. Various systems have been proposed to gain a more comprehensive combustion measure than today's Lambda sensors can provide, including in-cylinder pressure, ionization probes, wide range exhaust gas oxygen sensors, etc. None of these systems has proven truly practical for volume production either because of the very high sensor cost, the computational load required by the signal processing, or performance limitations. This paper describes the application of in-cylinder optical probes to combustion feedback and control.