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On the 20th anniversary of the first Apollo-Lunar landing, 20 July 1989, President Bush outlined a long term national program for the Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars1. Extending the capabilities provided by Space Station Freedom, the President envisioned a return to the Moon to establish a permanent manned station, followed by manned missions to Mars early in the next century. These are bold new goals for the U.S. Space Program. They are, however, built on a solid technical programmatic planning base. These demanding but realistic mission objectives reflect the highest technical and engineering capabilities residing within the government and our aerospace industry. The intent of this paper is to provide insight into advanced transportation planning and the systems that must evolve to support these long-term mission requirements.