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This paper describes a project aimed at developing a practical model-based monitoring system for turbine engines which is capable of monitoring engines accurately and reliably in steady flight and during transients, and can detect and isolate sensor, actuator and system failures. The goal is to demonstrate the feasibility of such a system by including in a laboratory prototype all the functions required in a system that can monitor real engines. Emphasis is placed on accommodating model imperfections which are the main obstacle to reliable model-based monitoring of mechanical and thermofluid systems.