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A new concept for interior padding for passenger automobiles is introduced. This type of padding is composed of closed cells filled with air, each cell contains an orifice or other type of restrictor which allows the air to escape and provide energy dissipation. The results of this study show that, in side impacts, this type of padding substantially reduces the side impact injury risk measures proposed by the biomechanics community. This padding is inexpensive, light weight and returns to its original shape after minor impacts. According to the results of the present study this padding is approximately twice as effective as other types of paddings studied.

This paper examines how crash sensors are tested and describes a new general purpose impact machine which can be used. The paper describes the pulse shapes in common use (haversine and half sine), pulse accuracy, longitudinal and cross-axis vibrations and pulse durations and how this machine performs these tests. Other tests including pulse angularity, temperature, vibration and other environmental tests. Finally, this paper discusses available sensor test equipment from the standpoint of pulse accuracy, data acquisition accuracy, pulse amplitude and duration capability, coast or dwell capability, the ability to simulate an actual crash pulse, ability to impose cross axis vibrations and the ability to test against a mathematical model.