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The manufacture of polystyrene patterns and castings used for body press tooling represent a significant proportion of the tooling procurement costs. The combined use of 3D modelling and computer aided machining using an integrated multi-axis Robotic system has been shown to give benefits of reductions in both pattern lead time and manufacturing cost. Furthermore the production of a consistent cast tool profile and a reduced machine stock provide additional cost and time savings in the machineshop as well as an improved quality product. Case studies are discussed together with details of the developments undertaken to achieve the optimum tooling parameters for the machining of the polystyrene patterns.

A new concept for approaching the problems of the airshipment of perishables, based on their physiological characteristics, is presented. This concept consists of grouping perishables into classes with common physiological characteristics and defining for each class its environmental requirements. The effects of temperature, atmospheric composition, and relative humidity are discussed in relation to respiratory and microbial decomposition for each class. Three basic handling systems are identified for the airshipment of perishable commodities, as well as considerations for container requirements and cargo compatibility.