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An experimental, fuel-vaporization system has been designed and installed in the intake systems of three port-injected, gasoline engines. Baseline, cold-start testing was undertaken using manufacturers' calibrations, where appropriate, in conjunction with standard, production fuelling systems. When vaporized fuelling was used, fuel enrichment was reduced to the lowest levels consistent with stable operation. In some cases this was achieved by altering the input signals to the engine's control unit; in other cases a programmable fuelling control system was used. This paper presents details of the design of the fuel prevaporizers and the operating temperatures and power consumption required to achieve complete fuel evaporation. Reductions in HC emissions which can be achieved by using prevaporized gasoline during cold-cranking and warm-up phases of engine operation are also reported. The response of the fuel prevaporizer to sudden changes in fuel flow has also been investigated.

A four-stroke, spark-ignition engine is described that seeks to achieve high expansion ratio and low throttling losses at light load, whilst retaining good knock resistance at full load operation and without the need for expensive mechanical changes to the engine. The engine does, however, incorporate a second inlet (transfer) valve and associated transfer port linked to the intake port. The timing of the transfer valve is different from that of the main inlet valve. Load modulation is achieved by control of the gas outflow from the transfer port. A computer model of the engine is first validated against measured data from a conventional engine. Comparisons are made of incylinder pressure at part load conditions, total air flowrate through the engine and intake port air velocities as a function of crank angle position.