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A single-cylinder engine of 22 HP plus 10 HP hybrid powertrain for motorcycles is proposed in this paper. An electric DC brushless motor, connected via crankshaft to the 249.4cc four-stroke internal combustion engine (ICE), drives a continuous variable transmission (CVT) to the rear wheel for propulsion of vehicle. A rule-based controller structure is established for management of power from both the ICE and motor to reduce fuel consumption and achieve charge sustaining. With the help from Matlab/Simulink programs, simulations and assessment of the efficacy in emission reduction of the proposed hybrid motorcycle under ECE-R40 driving cycle are analyzed.

This paper studies the dynamic model and associated control methods of a single cylinder four-stroke internal combustion (IC) engine attached with a variable intake-valve actuation mechanism. First, pertinent data of intake and exhaust ports, valve-timing cam, output torque, frictional torque, and crankshaft dynamics obtained from a 125 cc IC engine constitute the dynamic model for further control of the engine performance. Then, calculated data from specific conditions confined by volumetric efficiency and specific fuel consumption generate control commands for intake-valve actuation for various loads governed by a genetic algorithm. For quest of the best fuel economy, MatLab/Simulink programs simulate and evaluate the effective efficacy of the proposed control system under ECE-R40 driving cycle.