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A fundamental aspect of the engine development process involves the determination of acceptable piston and ring profiles. There exists a fine balance between the requirements of the piston skirt or ring profile to resist scuffing together with the overall product objectives of reduced oil consumption, blow-by and engine noise. Taking into account these varying and often conflicting considerations, in addition to the time and cost implications of repetitive development testing, drives us towards the necessity for some form of predictive optimization scheme. Benefits from the application of such a predictive tool include: Development of piston skirt profiles for adequate running clearance under operating conditions Optimization of piston stability as a function of such parameters as piston pin offset Enhanced bore reaction forces for improved NVH predictions Reduced levels of blow-by and improved oil control

The successful application of noise source identification and reduction techniques, by timely and cost-effective integration of practical and analytical methods, can be demonstrated by case studies. The general areas under consideration include: Noise sources generated within the engine Noise radiation from the engine surfaces Vehicle interior and exterior noise