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The surface of the combustion chamber is intended to absorb electromagnetic radiation from the flame at frequencies that coincide with the resonant absorption frequencies of the fuel. This prevents resonant energy transfer to the fuel, avoiding or suppressing formation of undesired radicals. The surface consists of two layers, one absorbing layer on the top and one second layer functioning as a transient heat buffer. The following advantages have been observed: Reduced octane number requirement of the engine. The ORI (Octane Requirement Increase) does not increase after the running, due to less deposits. Increased performance with low octane fuels through advanced ignition timing. The limit for run-away knock occurs later at high load. Lower HC emissions.

An electrical capacitance measuring method has been used to obtain the cylinder liner oil film thicknesses for various speeds and loads in a heavy duty directly injected diesel engine. Interesting facts have been observed: Increased oil film thickness for the top ring distance to wall during idling. A gas pocket appearing between top ring and liner at increasing speeds and loads movement of the piston in the liner when combustion sets in, the motion is not parallel. temperature seems to have little effect on the oil film thickness. A computer model of the top ring showed good conformance with the measurements over the speed and load range, but the calculated oil film thickness is about 3 to 6 times higher.