Search Results

An arrangement of port - injected, stratified-charge, 4 - valve SI engine is proposed, in which fuel is injected in a thin column from an injector which is angled so that the fuel is deflected by one of the inlet valves onto the combustion chamber surface, at a position close to the central spark plug. The injection takes place towards the end of the induction stroke, and the injector is mounted to the side of one of the intake ports. The second intake port is deactivated at part load to establish an axial swirling motion to stabilise the fuel evaporating from the warm combustion chamber surface. Testing has been performed on a single - cylinder research engine to assess the extent of the stratification by measuring pre - flame hydrocarbon concentrations at various positions around the combustion chamber.

This paper describes an investigation of emissions from an engine featuring variable valve timing, a swirlcontrol valve and exhaust gas recirculation. Design of experiments has been used to model the response of hydrocarbons and other emissions to the engine operating variables. The experiments identified the potential of VVT for simultaneous NOx, and HC reduction. The type of experiment employed was the Central Composite Rotatable Design; this is a fractional factorial design that maximises the amount of information obtained from a minimal number of test runs. A Fast Response Flame Ionisation Detector has been used to clarify the reasons for the effect of inlet and exhaust VVT on hydrocarbons.

High-speed cine photography has been applied to an optically-accessed version of a modern 4-valve, pent-roof, si engine in order to observe the behaviour of fuel under cold starting and warm-up conditions. A wall film was formed on the combustion chamber surface in the vicinity of the valves when fuel was supplied by pintle and disk-type injectors. This wall film survived combustion but was drawn into the exhaust system when the exhaust valves opened. The use of an air-blast atomiser avoided the formation of this wall film, but some wetting of the piston was apparent, as it was with the other types of injector.