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To verify the accuracy, feasibility, and stability of multi-sensor fusion data of the car-following scenarios, a test method, and the field experiment is proposed to verify the performance of sensor fusion data. The testing vehicle loads a high-precision ranging system that combines a base station with RT-range system for communication, which can calculate the relative longitudinal distance and velocity between the target vehicle and hunter vehicle in real-time. By comparing the data of multi-sensor fusion with RT-range system, the test method not only analyzes the fusion sensors data trend, average tolerance, and RMSE value but also further evaluates the performance of the fusion algorithm. The result indicates that the multi-sensor fusion data generated with lidar and camera & radar for the car-following scenarios meet the key performance indicators of relative longitudinal distance and velocity.

Shanghai had about a half million gasoline powered motorbikes in 2000. The motorbikes have become a significant contributor to ambient air pollution in Shanghai. This study selected an electric bike (e-bike) as a potential replacement for gasoline powered motorbikes. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was carried out for the two systems in terms of energy utilization and environment implications. LCA results indicated that e-bike is not better than the motorbike in all environment categories. The e-bike consumes less energy than the motorbike during its life cycle, and emits less GWP into air, and less BOD, COD, DS and HC into water. On the other hand, it generates more solid wastes, acidification potential, and HM than the motorbike, due to electric power production. Therefore, the Shanghai government should advocate advanced batteries and clean coal fired power plant technologies while implementing an electrical vehicle plan.