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On average, each year over the last decade about 900 diesel engines with total power capabilities approaching 7,000 MW have been produced for civilian shipping applications. Diesel engines are also used extensively in naval applications especially in submarines where the diesel-electric vehicles still dominate the market some forty years after the advent of nuclear propulsion. Until recently, environmental air quality concerns were not a major issue in the design of such marine engine systems. Consequently, although a great deal of contemporary diesel engine research and development for land based applications, particularly transportation, has focused on measures to reduce “health risk” exhaust emissions, other factors have tended to dominate marine engine design developments. The ability to handle variable fuel quality in a cost efficient manner has been a main theme in marine diesel engine research especially for commercial markets.