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This work concerns exhaust gas cleaning for heavy-duty diesel engines by means of NOx storage and reduction technology. A full-scale engine rig has been constructed and stationary NOx reduction tests performed. In the NOx storage and reduction approach, NOx is stored on a BaO surface as Ba(NO3)2 under long lean conditions and desorbed and reduced under short rich conditions. The rich conditions are created by injection of diesel fuel into the exhaust stream. The stationary NOx reduction tests have been performed at nine load points on an engine rig. They have shown that a stationary NOx reduction of between 25-53% is achievable at most load points depending on the temperature. The high oxygen content in the exhaust gas leads to the oxidation of the injected hydrocarbons and thus to a high fuel penalty. To lower the fuel consumption, the mass flow through the catalyst has been reduced under the regeneration periods. This was done using a bypass system with a pneumatic valve control.

An advanced catalytic exhaust after-treatment system addresses the problem of NOX emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks, relying on real-time catalyst modelling. The system consists of de-NOX catalysts, a device for injection of a reducing agent (diesel fuel) upstream the catalysts, and computer programmes to control the injection of the reducing agent and to model the engine and catalysts in real time. Experiments with 5 different air-assisted injectors were performed to determine the effect of injector design on the distribution of the injected diesel in the exhaust gas stream. A two-injector set-up was investigated to determine whether system efficiency could be increased without increasing the amount of catalyst or the amount of reducing agent necessary for the desired outcome. The results were verified by performing European standard transient cycle tests as well as stationary tests.