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Advanced battery technology evaluations are performed under simulated electric vehicle (EV) operating conditions at the Argonne Analysis & Diagnostic Laboratory (ADL). The ADL provides a common basis for both performance characterization and life evaluation with unbiased application of tests and analyses. This paper summarizes the performance characterizations and life evaluations conducted in 1990 on nine single cells and fifteen 3- to 360-cell modules that encompass six technologies (Na/S, Zn/Br, Ni/Fe, Ni/Cd, Ni-metal hydride, and lead-acid). These evaluations were performed for the Department of Energy and Electric Power Research Institute. The results provide battery users, developers, and program managers an interim measure of the progress being made in battery R&D programs, a comparison of battery technologies, and a source of basic data for modeling and continuing R&D.

This paper presents the results of testing and evaluation of GE/Globe EV-1300 lead-acid modules developed by Globe Battery Division of Johnson Controls, Inc. for the hybrid vehicle, HTV-1, developed by General Electric (GE) for the Department of Energy. The design of this battery was derived from that of the Globe Improved State of the Art (ISOA) battery under development for the ETV-1 all-electric vehicle. Key differences in the battery performance requirements for the HTV-1 hybrid vehicle, as opposed to the ETV-1, are higher specific power [137 W/kg versus 104 W/kg sustained for 15 seconds at 50% depth of discharge (DOD)] and less specific energy (36.1 Wh/kg versus 37.5 Wh/kg at a 3h discharge rate). Higher battery power is required for two reasons. First, in HTV-1, the battery is a smaller mass fraction of the design vehicle (341 kg battery/∼1800 kg vehicle = ∼0.19) compared to the ETV-1 (488 kg battery/∼1660 kg vehicle = ∼0.29).