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An two-dimensional axial symmetrical finite volume model will be introduced for the calculation of catalytic converters. It is able to predict transient temperatures and conversion rates in different converter systems according to the driving conditions. Input data are the mass-flow rate, the converter inlet temperature and the raw emissions. The performance of this model is demonstrated on an Indian motorcycle application. Cold start behavior and peak temperatures are investigated. This model has proven to be an effective tool for the preselection of an optimal cost effective catalyst system.

For compliance with the future emission standards worldwide, modifications to the catalytic converter systems are necessary to increase efficiency. To improve the cold start behavior, which is of great significance in the overall effectiveness, the electrically heated catalyst is a proven tool. By using the Emitec Heated Catalyst (EMICAT), it is possible to show a long-term stable catalyst system with low power requirement with the help of specific physical data for foil catalysts. The influence of catalyst design, heating energy, cold start management and test cycle (FTP and European test cycle) will be discussed. Emission results of an aged electrically heated catalyst system and mechanical service life results will be demonstrated.