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This paper explores the semantics of system design terminology with the purpose of facilitating communication during the design process. Entities, agents and systems are described by nouns. Activities, functions and processes are described by verbs. A system (noun) can only be designed by specifying its characteristics - adjectives - in a quantitative way. Give the engineer a number! Systems by themselves are inert. It is only when they interact with other systems that a purposeful process occurs. Processes are described by verbs and quantified (qualified) by adverbs. These ideas are pursued with examples from automobile design and the development of space systems.

Perhaps the greatest challenge facing the Human Factors profession is the ability to communicate effectively with their customers. One example is the NASA Standard 3000, which is an extensive compilation of human factors information, but an inefficient tool in the design and evaluation processes. These shortcomings are indicated by the need for interpretation of much of the material by human factors specialists and the amount of time spent dealing with “waivers.” An alternative approach is being developed which provides specific quantitative targets (engineering specifications) for design and evaluation, coupled with a process of continuous improvement. The targets are developed for measurable aspects of the environment or human-system interface, by a consensus of human factors, domain experts and user representatives. This participative approach will ensure “buy-in” by all parties ahead of time and thus reduce the need for waivers.

This paper describes in general terms the range of concerns currently on the horizon for vehicle designers, with emphasis on human factors issues. Specific new automotive technologies are taken up individually, under four major categories: Ride and Handling. Anthropometry, Instrument Panels, and Additional New Technologies. The range of concerns described shows that a great deal of careful study is needed during the last decade of this century to resolve the major human factors issues associated with automobile design.