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The urban transport problem is usually perceived as a disequilibrium, at peak times, between the supply of transport infrastructure and the demand for the use of this infrastructure by an increasing population for more journeys. Given the consequent problems of congestion and the environmental constraints acting against any substantial increase in road capacity, the ultimate necessity to restrain the use of the private car is obvious. Policy makers have responded with a range of vehicle restraint measures including petrol taxes, parking controls, traffic management, etc., all of which have contributed to the containment of the problem but are also recognised as short-term palliatives pending the implementation of more radical solutions.