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Today, 99% of the two wheelers in India operate with carburetor based fuel delivery system. But with implementation of Bharath Stage VI emission norms, compliance to emission limits along with monitoring of components in the system that contributes towards tail pipe emissions would be challenging. With the introduction of the OBD II (On-Board Diagnostics) and emission durability, mass migration to electronically controlled fuel delivery system is very much expected. The new emission norms also call for precise metering of the injected fuel and therefore demands extended calibration effort. The calibration of engine management system starts with the generation of pre-calibration dataset capable of operating the engine at all operating points followed by base calibration of the main parameters such as air charge estimation, fuel injection quantity, injection timing and ignition angles relative to the piston position.

Today, nations are in the path of low-emission transformation mandating stricter emission norms with periodic revisions. With the expected introduction of Bharath Stage VI (BS VI) for two wheelers in India by 2020, limitation in primary pollutants namely - Carbon Monoxide (CO), Total Hydro-Carbons (THC) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) are reduced by 50%, 75% and 85% respectively in comparison to the existing Bharath Stage IV. The original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are identifying measures to improve the overall efficiency and raw emissions from the engine through strategies like multi-spark configurations, improved charge induction concepts, liquid cooling, lean combustion etc. With end user demands for performance, low end torque, high power to displacement ratio, quick acceleration and fuel efficiency, the balance with the emission regulation is expected to be challenging.