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The use of locally available non-edible type SVO (Straight Vegetable Oil) in existing diesel engine without any modification becomes an attractive option in rural and remote areas in decentralized power generation for irrigation and electrification, where grid power is not available, if performance is comparable to diesel fuel. The purpose of the present work is to determine how the commercially available additive influences the injection, combustion and emission characteristics of CI (Compression Ignition) engine fuelled with SVO at elevated temperature. In the present paper attention is concentrated to elucidate how IR (Injection Rate) diagram focuses on the injection characteristics which in turn affects the combustion and emission characteristics of DI (Direct Injection) diesel engine.

The increasing concern regarding diesel vehicle emissions and the rising cost of liquid diesel, leads to the need for alternative fuel. Therefore, the option of using conventional diesel engines (with appropriate modifications) as ‘dual fuel engines’; in which gaseous fuels as a supplement for the conventional diesel fuel can be used; is being pursued. When considering a gaseous fuel for use in existing diesel engines, a number of issues are important. These issues include the gas composition supplied to the engine as well as operating and design parameters. For these engines, gas interchangeability is of great significance as fuel gas composition varies from source to source. While studying the interchangeability aspect, it is necessary to formulate the relations in terms of working parameters to predict the performance of the engine.

Present work aims to make a comparative study of the use of fuel additives in straight vegetable oil (SVO) and preheated SVO on combustion and emission characteristics of CI engine. Two commercially available fuel additives for diesel referred as A1 and A2 were selected for this work. The physical properties of test fuels were measured and Sauter Mean diameter (SMD) is calculated to correlate atomization characteristics. The structural and chemical analysis of both additives has been done. The test results showed that peak pressure, heat release rate and NOx emission were found to be decreasing with increase in temperature for Karanj oil. The additive A1 significantly reduced NOx for both diesel and Karanj oil as fuels at all temperature condition. Both additives reduced the injector deposits drastically.