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This paper explains the evolution of Electric and Hybrid propulsion system from its early beginning and the drawbacks faced along the way, explaining why the Internal Combustion Engine turned out to be dominant and the reasons why the fossil fuel model is now in question. It explains the recent developments that allowed its production and the progressive electrification steps leading from conventional Internal Combustion Technology towards the top electrification technologies. It demonstrates how some old-fashioned technologies are reinvented in order to boost performance and efficiency on Hybrid Propulsion systems. The paper explains the evolution on the Hybrid Propulsion Systems architecture in the last 20 years and how it brought a considerable improvement on efficiency and performance leading to the highly advanced hybrid vehicles now in production. It also points out to future new developments on the sector.

This paper will focus whining noise on rear axles applied in mid-size trucks. Vehicle integration changes during development affect directly the gear noise perception, in which it may be intensified. Also, gear material and heat treatment choices for the rear axle need to be done carefully, taking into consideration the integration changes and also the driver usage. A lessons learned collection over the diverse aspects of a rear axle whining noise will be the basis of this paper.