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To test the reliability of the SmartFire® ionization data as a parameter for detecting misfires, we fitted an inline-4 cylinder engine with in-cylinder pressure sensors and compared their data to that provided by ionization current sensing. The ignition circuitry was tested for its ability to recognize misfires, and for its potential to re-strike the ignition early enough in the cycle to provide smooth engine operation. Unique design features of the SmartFire ignition circuit enable the measurement of ion current as early as 300 microseconds after the initiation of the spark discharge, thereby allowing early detection of improper combustion. We compared the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) to the integrated ionization signal. When a misfire was measured by the IMEP, the integrated ion signal indicated the misfire as well. The ignition circuitry successfully identified the cycles with improper combustion.

Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder engine to measure the ionization current across the spark plug electrodes as a function of key operating parameters including air/fuel ratio. A unique ignition circuit was adapted to measure the ion current as early as 300 microseconds after the initiation of spark discharge. A strong relationship between air/fuel ratio and features of the measured ion current was observed. This relationship can be exploited via relatively simple algorithms in a wide range of electronic engine control strategies. Measurements of spark plug ion current for approximating air/fuel ratio may be especially useful for use with low cost mixture control in small engine applications. Cylinder-to-cylinder mixture balancing in conjunction with a global exhaust gas oxygen sensor is another promising application of spark plug ion current measurement.