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In their push for economic development, developing countries will confront escalating demands for energy, the depletion of natural resources and the degradation of the environment. How does a nation meet its growing needs for energy without damaging or destroying the environmental support system? This paper examines the four factors that are essential for sustainable energy development: encouraging private investment, promoting energy conservation, mitigating the adverse environmental impacts of energy use, and instituting systematic programs of human resource management (HRM) as the linchpin of all these factors. Electric power is a critical component of national energy consumption. Shortages of this power constitute a growing threat to the economic viability of developing nations, whose capacity for generating electricity is meager in comparison with industrialized nations.