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Shell companies* and Mercedes-Benz have investigated the effect of diesel fuel properties on exhaust emissions in an advanced European IDI passenger car and a modern commercial vehicle DI engine. The experimental programme identified the key fuel properties that influence diesel engine emissions with specific emphasis on NOX and particulates emissions. The fuel properties investigated were density, sulphur, distillation range, cetane number, mono aromatics and polyaromatics content. With regards to the polyaromatics content, the fuels were not designed to differentiate between the effect of di- and tri+ -aromatics. It is concluded that the fuel properties which account for the observed fuel effects on particulates emissions are sulphur, density and polyaromatics content. Monoaromatics content, cetane number and the distillation, as described by T10E, T50E and T90E, were found to have no effect on particulates emissions.