Search Results

Despite the known benefits of direct injection spark ignition engines, PFI (port fuel injection) remains a relevant concept for cost-sensitive market segments. PN emissions limits is already expected for future emission legislations also for PFI engines (in China). This paper explains the mechanisms of PN production correlated with: CFD experiments on NA engine (natural aspirated engine) and turbo engine, Visiolution from AVL, Test bench measurements with gas analysis and PN measurement. Previous studies showed impact of the spray layout, injection timing, charge motion, operating points of the engine, temperature and fuel effect. This paper mainly focuses on the spray design of the injector through the pattern, the homogeneity of injector pattern having the main contribution in relationship with PN reduction.