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With the increasing demand for Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) capable of extended mileage, optimizing their efficiency has become paramount for manufacturers. However, the challenge lies in balancing the need for climate control within the cabin and precise thermal regulation of the battery, which can significantly reduce a vehicle's driving range, often leading to energy consumption exceeding 50% under severe weather conditions. To address these critical concerns, this study embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the impact of weather conditions on energy consumption and range for the 2019 Nissan Leaf Plus. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the understanding of thermal management for BEVs by introducing a sophisticated thermal management system model, along with detailed thermal models for both the battery and the cabin.

Investigations on alternative fuels and new hybrid powertrain architectures have recently undergone significant efforts in the automotive industry, in attempt to reduce carbon emissions from passenger cars. The use of these fuels presents a potential for re-emerging the deployment of external combustion non-conventional engines in automotive applications, such as the Stirling engines, especially under the current development context of powertrain electrification. This paper investigates the potential of fuel consumption savings of a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle (SPHEV) using a Stirling machine as fuel converter. An exergo-technological explicit analysis is conducted to identify the Stirling system configuration presenting the best compromise between high efficiency and automotive implementation constraints. The Stirling engine with combustion chamber preheater is prioritized. A SPHEV model is developed based on the Prius power-split hybrid electric architecture.