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Two of the most commonly exercised standards for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) by automotive engineers are CISPR 12 and CISPR 25. While CISPR 12 is imposed as a regulation to ensure uninterrupted communication for off-board receivers, CISPR 25 is often applied to ensure the quality of services of on-board receivers. Performing these tests becomes challenging until the vehicle is prototyped which may prolong the production time in case of failure or need for modification. However, conducting these tests in a simulation environment can offer more time and cost-efficient ways of analyzing the electromagnetic environment of automotive vehicles. In this paper, a computational approach is proposed in order to predict electromagnetic disturbance from on-board electronics/electrical systems using 3D computational electromagnetic (CEM) tool; Altair Feko.

In this era of technologies, Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) system has become an integral part of motor vehicles. Over the years, a lot of functionalities have been added to RKE systems. To achieve functional communication between key-fob antennas and vehicular receiving antennas, it is necessary to analyze the impact of a human body as well as the receiving antenna placements on the vehicle’s body. Taking these variations into account during the antenna development phase becomes expensive and tedious since achieving an efficient design would require several iterations, testing, and modification, in the design. Hence, Computational Electromagnetic (CEM) techniques become a feasible solution to explore such scenarios and adopt necessary modifications as needed. This paper introduces a methodological process of designing RKE antennas using 3D CEM Simulation tool; namely Altair Feko.

A low profile high directivity antenna is designed to operate at 5.9 GHz for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications to ensure connectivity in different propagation channels. Patch antennas are still an ongoing topic of interest due to their advantages: low profile, low cost, and ease of fabrication. One disadvantage of the patch antenna is low directivity which results in low range performance. In this paper, we introduce an efficient and novel way to improve the directivity of patch antenna using topology optimization and design of experiments (DoE). Numerical simulations are done using Method of Moments (MoM) technique in the commercially available tool, FEKO. We use global response surface method (GRSM) for double objectives topology optimization. Numerical results show a promising use of topology optimization and DoE techniques for the systematic design of high directivity of low profile single element patch antennas.