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The electrification of mobility is a major inflection point for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants from the transportation sector. In this context, the Li-ion battery is currently the technology shared by automakers to provide the energy storage needed to deploy electrified vehicles. However, Li-ion batteries can undergo incidents with dramatic consequences, referred to as thermal runaway (TR). This can result from abnormal conditions: excessive temperature, mechanical deformation, electrical overcharge, internal short circuit. TR is characterized by a violent reaction, that is, difficult to control and can release hazardous gases. This issue is today a crucial safety concern that strongly impacts the design and the battery management strategies. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the phenomena by focusing on the variability of the battery cell (BC) TR induced by thermal initiation.

Nowadays Spark Ignition (SI) engine developments focus on downsizing, in order to increase the engine load level and consequently its efficiency. As a side effect, knock occurrence is strongly increased. The current strategy to avoid knock is to reduce the spark advance which limits the potential of downsizing in terms of consumption reduction. Reducing the engine propensity to knock is therefore a first order subject for car manufacturers. Engineers need competitive tools to tackle such a complex phenomenon. In this paper the 3D RANS simulations ability to satisfactorily represent knock tendencies is demonstrated. ECFM (Extended Coherent Flame Model) has been recently implemented by IFPEN in CONVERGE and coupled with TKI (Tabulated Kinetics Ignition) to represent Auto-Ignition in SI engine. These models have been applied on a single cylinder engine configuration dedicated to abnormal combustion study.