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Controller area network (CAN), FlexRay and local interconnect network (LIN) digital protocols are commonly used for communication in modern vehicles. A modern vehicle contains up to 70 electronic control units. This paper is a literature review of these protocols. We have also implemented LIN protocol. The communication cycle, process, message structure, and hardware elements are discussed for all three protocols. Performance is measured in terms of reliability and latency. In addition, a comparison between the CAN, FlexRay and LIN protocols is made. Experimental results indicate that CAN protocol has advantages when it comes to real-time priority-based communication. However, if all the events have equal priority, then FlexRay works well. The LIN protocol is budget friendly and has lowest cost in all 3 protocols but at the same time it is unreliable.

Controller area network (CAN) is used as a legacy protocol for in-vehicle communication. However, it lacks basic security features such as message authentication, integrity, confidentiality, etc., because the sender information in the message is missing. Hence, it is prone to different attacks like spoofing attacks, denial of service attacks, man in the middle and masquerade attacks. Researchers have proposed various techniques to detect and prevent these attacks, which can be split into two classes: (a) MAC-based techniques and (b) intrusion detection-based techniques. Further, intrusion detection systems can be divided into four categories: (i) message parameter- based, (ii) entropy-based, (iii) machine Learning-based and (iv) fingerprinting-based. This paper details state-of- the-art survey of fingerprinting-based intrusion detection techniques. In addition, the advantages and limitations of different fingerprinting-based intrusion detection techniques methods will be discussed.

Technological advances in automotive industry have resulted in an increased number of Electronic Control Units (ECU)s. These ECUs are used for sensing and controlling actuators in the modern vehicles. Various network protocols have been proposed to achieve scalable and reliable communication amonglarge number ECUs in modern vehicles.Various network protocols have been proposed for invehicle communication,such as Controlled Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnected Network (LIN), Media Oriented System Transport (MOST), and FlexRay. This study compares latency and reliability of CAN-Bus and FlexRay communication protocols. The HSC12 microcontroller is used to implement these protocols, and for secure communication data is encrypted.Our experimental results indicate that the CAN-Bus communication protocol is a better option for hard real-time systems and FlexRay protocol is appropriate for deterministic data transmission, e.g., priority-less message communication.