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In vehicle design and engineering, the fatigue of materials is a size-dependent phenomenon, which occurs in every safety-relevant component. An inaccurate fatigue assessment, neglecting relevant influencing factors, may therefore either lead to considerable safety risks or to a significant oversizing of the component. Due to the size dependency of the microstructure and the related deformation and fatigue mechanisms, the fatigue life estimation requires an understanding of the cyclic material behavior as well as the damage mechanisms of materials on different scales. In this respect, local strain-based fatigue design concepts are advantageous for the estimation of the fatigue properties of components with arbitrary size and geometry, because the applicable material models allow an implementation of a realistic cyclic material behavior and a relation to different fatigue damage mechanisms in the elastic and the elastic-plastic load regime.