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Environmental consciousness is being developed in each and every sector, automotive industry has concentrated in a greater manner. Reduction of tail pipe emission was concentrated and found that hybridization can ensure better results. Hybrid electric vehicle operates on electric motor as well as internal combustion engine. Battery power is one the major source of energy for driving electric motor and different battery technologies have been developed. Battery management system (BMS) controls battery parameters like State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH) and Depth of Discharge (DoD) which definitely has an impact on power-torque ratings. Various drive train configurations are developed based on the power-torque requirements and size of engine/electric motor. Maintaining proper flow of energy can have better reduction in emissions, more battery life, less fuel consumption and optimum power-torque ratings.

Increasing concerns about environmental issues, such as global warming and pollutant emissions have made increase in energy efficiency and emission reduction a primary concern for automobiles. In addition, the compounding effects of adding personal vehicles, increasing density of road traffic and intensifying parking difficulties are indirectly promoting proliferation of small-size vehicles in large cities. Hence, there is a need to develop a microcar with zero emission. Thus, electric microcar is probably the simplest, green and energy efficient vehicle that relatively affordable and easily maneuverable in cities. However, a careful analysis is required in order to properly evaluate the propulsion system component sizing, vehicle dimension, performance and weight. This paper mainly focuses on design options and modeling of electric microcar using hub motors followed by analysis.

In recent times control of emissions has been the major issue resulting strict emission norms. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) reduction is a major concern over the years and diesel engine has big hand when compared to gasoline. Several promising techniques have been developed, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is one of the effective ways to trim down the NOx emissions by keeping thermal efficiency identical to diesel engine. However, this concept lags in controlling CO and HC emissions. Methanol fuel blends are chosen as it significantly improves the combustion quality. Oxygen content in methanol drags attention as it can compensate HC and CO emissions caused by HCCI mode of combustion. In this work conventional diesel engine is converted into HCCI engine by mounting diesel vaporizer at inlet manifold to attain homogenous mixture. An experimental investigations have been carried out to analyse performance and emission characteristics using different methanol blends.