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The On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) system can detect problems with the vehicle’s engine, transmission, and emissions control systems to generate error codes that can pinpoint the source of the problem. However, there are several wear and tear parts (air filter, oil filter, batteries, engine oil, belt/chain, clutch, gear tooth) that are not diagnosed but replaced often or periodically in motorcycles/ power sports applications. Traditionally there is a lack of availability of in-field and on-board assistive tools to diagnose vehicle health for 2wheelers. An alert system that informs the riders about health and remaining useful life of their motorcycle can help schedule part replacements, ensuring they are always trip-ready and have a stress-free ownership and service experience. This information can also aid in the correct assessment during warranty claims.

Oxygen sensors are used in combustion engines to determine the air/fuel ratio. Binary type lambda sensors offer high precision determination of lambda values close to stoichiometric combustion conditions (λ=1). While the wide band oxygen sensor allows for measurement of oxygen concentration over a wide range (λ = 0.7 to 16). While it is beneficial to use wide band sensors for all applications, binary sensors are preferred in 2Wheelers and Off road applications due to cost and size of sensor. Additional ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) and complex control software in engine control unit is not required to run a binary sensor. CCBS (continuous control of binary type sensor) allows a specific Bosch binary type sensor to linearize the sensor characteristic line and allow for closed loop fuel operation between λ =0.85 to 0.98. This results in a wider closed loop lambda operation during component protection zone of the engine.

Today, nations are in the path of low-emission transformation mandating stricter emission norms with periodic revisions. With the expected introduction of Bharath Stage VI (BS VI) for two wheelers in India by 2020, limitation in primary pollutants namely - Carbon Monoxide (CO), Total Hydro-Carbons (THC) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) are reduced by 50%, 75% and 85% respectively in comparison to the existing Bharath Stage IV. The original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are identifying measures to improve the overall efficiency and raw emissions from the engine through strategies like multi-spark configurations, improved charge induction concepts, liquid cooling, lean combustion etc. With end user demands for performance, low end torque, high power to displacement ratio, quick acceleration and fuel efficiency, the balance with the emission regulation is expected to be challenging.