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In the context of evolving market conditions, the three-way catalyst (TWC) design is entering an exciting new phase. It remains the main emission control strategy for gasoline powered vehicles; in the meantime a rapid period of evolving engine developments, the constrained tailpipe regulations and the material supply issues present a unique challenge to the catalyst developers. A key approach here is to achieve highly beneficial emission performance based on the ultra-low PGM levels. In this regard, we mainly focus on the materials design and have developed the advanced spinel oxides for zero precious metals (ZPGM) and synergized precious metals (SPGM) TWCs. These advanced spinel materials showed improved thermal stability compared to that of PGM based standard materials. Fundamental studies on the microstructure of spinel oxide with newly developed composition confirm the aging stability.