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In this study, a new system of assessment method was developed to evaluate the characteristics of urban buses based on remote online monitoring. Four types of buses, including China V emission standards diesel bus, lean-burn CNG bus, air-fuel equivalence ratio combustion CNG bus and gas-electric hybrid bus, were chosen as samples to analyze the emission characteristics of urban buses with different engine types in urban scenario. Based on the traffic conditions in Beijing, the actual emission characteristics of buses under newly-built driving conditions were analyzed. Moreover, the emission factor database of urban buses in Beijing was established to analyze the characteristics of excess emission. The research results are shown as follows. 1) Compared with other types of buses, NOX emission factor and emission rate of lean-burn CNG bus are much higher.

A new two-dimensional wall-flow DPF microstructure model has been developed in this paper to investigate the particle deposition distribution in DPF channels and the deep-bed filtration process of DPF. The substrate wall of the DPF having a thickness of L is divided into several layers with a uniform thickness of Δy along the cross-wall direction, and each layer has specific porosity and pore size. The pressure drop, particle deposition distribution and the dynamic deep-bed filtration process of the DPF with inhomogeneous wall structure are studied under various space velocities. Besides, the differences on DPF’s performance brought by the inhomogeneous wall structure are discussed by comparing with a homogeneous wall structure.

A two-dimensional mesoscopic approach has been developed to investigate the flow and soot loading in the micro-channels of diesel particulate filter. Soot particle size examined is in the range of 10 nm to 10 μm. The flow is solved by an incompressible lattice Boltzmann model and the transport of solid particle is described in a Lagrangian frame of reference by cell automation probabilistic model. The lattice Boltzmann-cell automation probabilistic model (LB-CA model) is validated with the results of previous studies. The heterogeneous porous wall of DPF is generated by quartet structure generation set (QSGS). The effects of porous wall on the pressure field and velocity field are investigated. The distribution and deposition of soot particles with different sizes in clean channels are simulated. The dynamic evolution of solid boundary in soot particle capture process is investigated and the effects of the deposited soot particles on flow field are evaluated.

As the prime after-treatment device for diesel particulate matter (PM) emission control, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) has been widely used for its high particle capture efficiency. In order to study the particle motion and deposition distributions in the DPF inlet channel, a 2-D wall flow DPF microcosmic channel model is built in this paper. The motion trajectories of particles with different sizes are investigated considering the drag force, Brownian motion, gravity and Saffman lift. The effects of the space velocity on particle motion trajectories and deposition distributions inside the inlet channel are evaluated. These results demonstrate that the particle motion trajectories are highly dependent on particle sizes and influenced by the space velocity. The effect of the Brownian motion is obvious for fine particles and suppressed when the space velocity is raised.

Recent toxicological and epidemiologic studies have shown that diesel emissions have been a significant toxic air contaminant. Catalyzed DPF (CDPF) not only significantly reduces the PM mass emissions (>90%), but also further promotes carrier self-regeneration and oxidize more harmful gaseous pollutants by the catalyst coated on the carrier. However, some ultrafine particles and potentially harmful gaseous pollutants, such as VOCs species, originally emitted in the vapor-phase at high plume temperature, may penetrate through the CDPF filter. Furthermore, the components and content of catalyst coated on the CDPF could influence the physicochemical properties and toxicity intensity of those escaping ultrafine particles and gaseous pollutants. In this work, (1) we investigated the influence of precious metal content as a variable parameter on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of the small CDPF samples.

Currently, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is one of the main after-treatment systems to control diesel engine NOx emission. But the SCR system is bulky, considering the limited installation space. Therefore, the design of SCR system with the compact structure and reliable performance is one of the essential topics. In this study, the structure parameters, such as catalyst cross-sectional area, catalyst length, substrate wall thickness, coating thickness, channels per square inch (CPSI) of substrate, are taken into consideration to study their effects on the SCR performance and narrow the scope of various structural parameters for the following optimization study. Then, the structural parameters of the SCR reactor are optimized by considering the coupling relationship among these structural parameters by using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) at high load of diesel engine.

In this paper, the influence of sulfur and ash fraction of lubricating oil on particle emissions was investigated via experimental works. Especially, we focus on the characterizations like size distribution, morphology and element composition in diesel particles. All of the research was done on a two-cylinder diesel engine under different load conditions. Five kinds of lubricating oils with different levels of sulfur and ash fraction were used in this study, among which a kind of 5W-30 (ACEA, C1) oil was used as baseline oil. Diesel primary particles were collected by thermophoretic system, and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum technique, respectively. Conclusions drawn from the experiments indicate that the sulfur and ash change the primary particle emissions directly.

Ensuring lower emissions and better economy (fuel economy and after-treatment economy) simultaneously is the pursuit of future engines. An EGR-LNT synergetic control system was applied to a modified lean-burn CA3GA2 gasoline engine. Results showed that the synergetic control system can achieve a better NOx reduction than sole EGR and sole LNT within a proper range of upstream EGR rate and without the penalty in fuel consumption. It also has the potential to save costly noble metals in LNT, but excessive or deficient upstream EGR would make the synergetic control system inefficiency. In order to guarantee the objectivity of the effect of EGR-LNT synergetic control system on NOx reduction, another modified lean-burn CA4GA5 gasoline engine was additionally tested.