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The performance of internal combustion engines should be improved depending on some technological requirements and rapid increase in the fuel expenses. On the other hand, the improvements in engine materials are forced by using alternative fuels and environmental requirements. Therefore, the performances of engine materials become increasingly important. Experimental research of insulated diesel engine incorporating thermal barrier coating (TBC) has produced controversial result. Some publications report that engine efficiency increases with insulation, while others argue that efficiency decreases. There are reports also presenting a mixed picture. This Paper presents comparative analysis of heat release in base line and insulated (Piston crown with plasma sprayed zirconia coating) diesel engine. The coating system affects the fuel consumption, the power and the combustion efficiency, pollution contents and the fatigue lifetime of engine components.