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The BS6 norms (phase 1) were implemented in India from April 1, 2020 and replaced the previous BS4 norms. Phase 2 of the BS6 norms, which came into effect on April 1, 2023. In accordance with the regulation requirement, effective performance of after treatment systems like DPF and SCR demands critical hardware implementation and robust monitoring strategies in the extended operating zone. Effective OBD monitoring of DPF, which is common to all BSVI certified vehicles, such that the defined strategy detects the presence or absence of the component is imperative. A robust monitoring strategy is developed to detect the presence of the DPF in the real world incorporating the worst possible driving conditions including idling, and irrespective of other environmental factors subject to a location or terrain. The differential pressure sensor across the DPF is used to study the actual pressure drop across the DPF.

Powertrain complexity rapidly increasing to meet fast moving regulation requirements. The BS6 Phase-1 regulation norms were implemented in India from April 1, 2020 and replaced the previous BS4 norms. Phase-2 of the BS6 regulation norms were came into effect on April 1, 2023. To meet this stringent regulation requirement, need effective performance of after treatment systems like DOC, DPF and SCR demands critical hardware selection and implementation. In Indian market, LCV application is cost sensitive and highly competitive where operational cost is most critical factor. Naturally aspirated engine has less operating cost, which is the best for LCV applications, but is has its own challenges to meet BS6 norms like higher engine out NOx, dynamic temperature profiles etc. A robust DeNOx emissions strategy is developed in naturally aspirated engine LCV application to meet cycle emissions, real drive emissions and OBD requirements.

As the number of vehicles and environment pollution is increasing day by day, the emission regulation gets more stringent by the emission regulation authorities. Vehicle manufacturers' develop new ways and technologies to meet the norms levied for cleaner vehicles. Especially in diesel engines, NOx emissions are considered an important pollutant to be treated. In EURO 5 regulation NOx emission value is 0.18g/km for passenger cars which is further reduced to 0.08 g/km in EURO 6 regulation for diesel engines. In order to meet such stringent emission norms without compromising on engine performance, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is one of the solution to achieve EURO 6 NOx emission levels from diesel engines. In SCR technology the reduction of NOx is done through ammonia which is injected into exhaust stream in the form of Aqueous Urea solution known as DEF. To achieve better conversion efficiency, the injected DEF has to be uniformly distributed and mixed with the exhaust stream.