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The ignition characteristics of each component of natural gas and the chemical kinetic factors determining those characteristics were investigated using detailed chemical kinetic calculations. Ethane (C2H6) showed a relatively short ignition delay time with high initial temperature; the heat release profile was slow in the early stage of the ignition process and rapid during the late stage. Furthermore, the ignition delay time of C2H6 showed very low dependence on O2 concentration. In the ignition process of C2H6, HO2 is generated effectively by several reaction paths, and H2O2 is generated from HO2 and accumulated with a higher concentration, which promotes the OH formation rate of H2O2 (+ M) = OH + OH (+ M). The ignition characteristics for C2H6 can be explained by H2O2 decomposition governing OH formation at any initial temperature.